Test Bank for Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach, 8th Edition, 8e by Uma Sekaran, Roger Bougie TEST BANK

Test Bank for Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach, 8th Edition, 8e by Uma Sekaran, Roger Bougie

Test Bank for Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach, 8th Edition, 8e by Uma Sekaran, Roger Bougie 

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ISBN-13: 9781119561248

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction to Research 1

 

Introduction 1

 

Types of Business Research: Applied and Basic 4

 

Managers and Research 7

 

Internal Versus External Consultants/Researchers 9

 

Knowledge about Research and Managerial Effectiveness 11

 

Ethics and Business Research 11

 

Summary 12

 

Discussion Questions 13

 

Case: The Laroche Candy Company 14

 

Case Questions 15

 

2 The Scientific Approach and Alternative Approaches to Investigation 16

 

Introduction 16

 

The Hallmarks of Scientific Research 17

 

The Hypothetico-Deductive Method 20

 

Alternative Approaches to Research 22

 

A Pragmatic Approach to Research 24

 

Summary 32

 

Discussion Questions 32

 

3 Defining the Management Problem 34

 

Introduction 34

 

Looking for Decision Opportunities or Areas for Improvement 35

 

Fixing Situations that are Broken 37

 

Providing Feedback to the Client Organization 46

 

Managerial Implications 46

 

Summary 47

 

Discussion Questions 48

 

Appendix: Background Information on the Organization 49

 

4 Defining the Research Problem 51

 

Introduction 51

 

The Management Problem 51

 

Defining the Research Problem 51

 

The Research Proposal 58

 

Managerial Implications 60

 

Ethical Issues in the Preliminary Stages of Investigation 61

 

Summary 62

 

Discussion Questions 62

 

5 The Critical Literature Review 64

 

Introduction 64

 

How to Approach the Literature Review 66

 

Ethical Issues 71

 

Summary 73

 

Discussion Questions 73

 

Practice Project 74

 

Appendix: Some Online Resources Useful for Business Research 75

 

6 Theoretical Framework and Hypothesis

 

Development 83

 

Introduction 83

 

The Need for a Theoretical Framework 84

 

Variables 85

 

How Theory is Generated 92

 

Hypothesis Development 94

 

Managerial Implications 100

 

Summary 100

 

Discussion Questions 101

 

Test Bank for Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach, 8th Edition, 8e by Uma Sekaran, Roger Bougie 

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Practice Project 102

 

7 Elements of Research Design 103

 

Introduction 103

 

The Research Design 103

 

Elements of Research Design 104

 

Mixed Methods 113

 

Trade-offs and Compromises 114

 

Managerial Implications 115

 

Summary 115

 

Discussion Questions 116

 

8 Interviews 117

 

Introduction 117

 

Primary Data Collection Methods 117

 

Interviews 118

 

Advantages and Disadvantages of Interviews 126

 

Summary 127

 

Discussion Questions 128

 

9 Observation 129

 

Introduction 129

 

Definition and Purpose of Observation 130

 

Four Key Dimensions that Characterize the Type of Observation 130

 

Two Important

 

Approaches to Observation 132

 

Advantages and Disadvantages of Observation 139

 

Summary 141

 

Discussion Questions 141

 

10 Administering Questionnaires 143

 

Introduction 143

 

Types of Questionnaires 143

 

Guidelines for Questionnaire Design 146

 

International Dimensions of Surveys 155

 

Review of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Data Collection Methods and When to Use Each 157

 

Multimethods of Data Collection 157

 

Managerial Implications 158

 

Ethics in Data Collection 158

 

Summary 159

 

Discussion Questions 160

 

11 Experimental Designs 164

 

Introduction 164

 

The Lab Experiment 166

 

The Field Experiment 170

 

External and Internal Validity in Experiments 170

 

Types of Experimental Design and Validity 177

 

Simulation 182

 

Ethical Issues in Experimental Design Research 182

 

Managerial Implications 183

 

Summary 184

 

Discussion Questions 185

 

Appendix: Further Experimental Designs 187

 

12 Measurement of Variables: Operational Definition 190

 

Introduction 190

 

How Variables are Measured 190

 

Operational Definition (Operationalization) 192

 

International Dimensions of Operationalization 196

 

Summary 196

 

Discussion Questions 197

 

13 Measurement of Variables: Scaling, Reliability and Validity 198

 

Introduction 198

 

Four Types of Scales 198

 

Rating Scales 202

 

Ranking Scales 207

 

International Dimensions of Scaling 208

 

Goodness of Measures 208

 

Reflective Versus Formative Measurement Scales 212

 

Summary 213

 

Discussion Questions 214

 

Appendix: Examples of Some Measures 216

 

14 Sampling 221

 

Introduction 221

 

Population, Element, Sample, Sampling Unit and Subject 222

 

Sample Data and Population Values 224

 

The Sampling Process 225

 

Probability Sampling 228

 

Non-Probability Sampling 232

 

Intermezzo: Examples of When Certain Sampling Designs Would Be Appropriate 236

 

Issues of Precision and Confidence in Determining Sample Size 241

 

Sample Data and Hypothesis Testing 244

 

The Sample Size 246

 

Sampling as Related to Qualitative Studies 249

 

Managerial Implications 250

 

Summary 250

 

Discussion Questions 252

 

15 Quantitative Data Analysis 254

 

Introduction 254

 

Getting the Data Ready for Analysis 255

 

Getting a Feel for the Data 260

 

Excelsior Enterprises: Descriptive Statistics Part 1 269

 

Testing the Goodness of Measures 270

 

Excelsior Enterprises: Descriptive Statistics Part 2 273

 

Summary 276

 

Discussion Questions 276

 

16 Quantitative Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing 279

 

Introduction 279

 

Type I Errors, Type II Errors and Statistical Power 279

 

Choosing the Appropriate Statistical Technique 280

 

Excelsior Enterprises: Hypothesis Testing 300

 

Big Data Mining and Operations Research 302

 

Some Software Packages Useful for Data Analysis 303

 

Summary 304

 

Discussion Questions 304

 

17 Qualitative Data Analysis 307

 

Introduction 307

 

Three Important Steps in Qualitative Data Analysis 307

 

Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research 319

 

Some Other Methods of Gathering and Analysing Qualitative Data 320

 

Big Data 321

 

Summary 321

 

Discussion Questions 322

 

18 Conclusions 323

 

Introduction 323

 

Conclusions and Recommendations: Where Your Journey as a Researcher Ends 324

 

Incorrect or Flawed Forms of Reasoning 332

 

Summary 334

 

Discussion Questions 335

 

19 The Research Report 337

 

Introduction 337

 

The Written Report 337

 

Contents of the Research Report 340

 

Oral Presentation 346

Test Bank for Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach, 8th Edition, 8e by Uma Sekaran, Roger Bougie 

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