Test Bank for How Children Develop, 6th Canadian Edition 6ce by Robert S. Siegler, Nancy Eisenberg, Judy S. DeLoache, Jenny Saffran
CLICK TO ACCESS: Test Bank for How Children Develop, 6th Canadian Edition 6ce by Robert S. Siegler, Nancy Eisenberg, Judy S. DeLoache, Jenny Saffran
ISBN-13:
9781319173029
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Chapter
1 An Introduction to Child Development
Reasons to
Learn About Child Development
Raising
Children
Choosing
Social Policies
Understanding
Human Nature
Box 1.1 A
Closer Look: The Romanian Adoption Study
Historical
Foundations of the Study of Child Development
Early
Philosophers’ Views of Children’s Development
Social
Reform Movements
Darwin’s
Theory of Evolution
Enduring
Themes in Child Development
1. Nature
and Nurture: How Do Nature and Nurture Together Shape Development?
2. The
Active Child: How Do Children Shape Their Own Development?
3.
Continuity/Discontinuity: In What Ways Is Development Continuous, and in What
Ways Is It Discontinuous?
4.
Mechanisms of Change: How Does Change Occur?
5. The
Sociocultural Context: How Does the Sociocultural Context Influence
Development?
6.
Individual Differences: How Do Children Become So Different from One Another?
7.
Research and Children’s Welfare: How Can Research Promote Children’s
Well-Being?
Box 1.2
Individual Differences: Can Children Learn to Be More Intelligent?
Methods
for Studying Child Development
The
Scientific Method
Contexts
for Gathering Data About Children
Correlation
and Causation
Research
Designs for Examining Children’s Development
Ethical
Issues in Child-Development Research
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
2 Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period
Prenatal
Development
Box 2.1 A
Closer Look: Beng Beginnings
Conception
Box 2.2
Individual Differences: Do Girls Outnumber Boys?
Developmental
Processes
Early
Development
An
Illustrated Summary of Prenatal Development
Fetal
Experience and Behaviour
Fetal
Learning
Hazards to
Prenatal Development
Box 2.3
Applications: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Maternal
Factors
The Birth
Experience
Diversity
of Childbirth Practices
The
Newborn Infant
State of
Arousal
Negative
Outcomes at Birth
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
3 Biology and Behaviour
Nature and
Nurture
Genetic
and Environmental Forces
1.
Parents’ Genotype–Child’s Genotype
2. Child’s
Genotype–Child’s Phenotype
3. Child’s
Environment–Child’s Phenotype
Box 3.1
Applications: Genetic Testing
4. Child’s
Phenotype–Child’s Environment
5. Child’s
Environment–Child’s Genotype
Behaviour
Genetics
Quantitative
Genetics Research Designs
Heritability
Molecular
Genetics Research Designs
Box 3.2
Individual Differences: Genetically Transmitted Developmental Disorders
Environmental
Effects
Brain
Development
The Neuron
The Cortex
Box 3.3 A
Closer Look: Mapping the Mind
Developmental
Processes
The
Importance of Experience
The Body:
Physical Growth and Development
Growth and
Maturation
Nutritional
Behaviour
Box 3.4 A
Closer Look: Poverty and Health Disparities
Vaccines
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
4 Theories of Cognitive Development
Piaget’s
Theory
View of
Children’s Nature
Central
Developmental Issues
Box 4.1
Applications: Educational Applications of Piaget’s Theory
Piaget’s
Legacy
Information-Processing
Theories
View of
Children’s Nature
Central
Developmental Issues
The
Development of Problem Solving
Box 4.2
Applications: Educational Applications of Information-Processing Theories
Core-Knowledge
Theories
View of
Children’s Nature
Central
Developmental Issue: Nativism Versus Constructivism
Box 4.3
Applications: Educational Applications of Core-Knowledge Theories
Sociocultural
Theories
View of
Children’s Nature: Vygotsky’s Theory
Central
Developmental Issues
Box 4.4
Applications: Educational Applications of Sociocultural Theories
Dynamic-Systems
Theories
View of
Children’s Nature
Central
Developmental Issues
Box 4.5
Applications: Educational Applications of Dynamic-Systems Theories
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
5 Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy
Perception
Vision
Box 5.1 A
Closer Look: Infants’ Face Perception
Box 5.2 A
Closer Look: Picture Perception
Auditory
Perception
Taste and
Smell
Touch
Intermodal
Perception
Motor
Development
Reflexes
Motor
Milestones
Modern
Views of Motor Development
Box 5.3 A
Closer Look: “The Case of the Disappearing Reflex”
The
Expanding World of the Infant
Box 5.4 A
Closer Look: “Gangway—I’m Coming Down”
Learning
and Memory
Habituation
Statistical
Learning
Classical
Conditioning
Instrumental
Conditioning
Observational
Learning/Imitation
Rational
Learning
Active
Learning
Memory
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
CLICK TO ACCESS: Test Bank for How Children Develop, 6th Canadian Edition 6ce by Robert S. Siegler, Nancy Eisenberg, Judy S. DeLoache, Jenny Saffran
Chapter
6 Development of Language and Symbol Use
Language
Development
The
Components of Language
What Is
Required for Language?
Box 6.1
Applications: Two Languages Are Better Than One
The
Process of Language Acquisition
Speech
Perception
Word
Segmentation
Preparation
for Production
First
Words
Box 6.2
Individual Differences: Language Development and Socioeconomic Status
Box 6.3
Applications: iBabies: Technology and Language Learning
Putting
Words Together
Conversational
Skills
Later
Development
Theoretical
Issues in Language Development
Chomsky
and the Nativist View
Box 6.4 A
Closer Look: “I Just Can’t Talk Without My Hands”: What Gestures Tell Us About
Language
Ongoing
Debates in Language Development
Box 6.5
Individual Differences: Developmental Language Disorders
Nonlinguistic
Symbols and Development
Using
Symbols as Information
Drawing
and Writing
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
7 Conceptual Development
Understanding
Who or What
Dividing
Objects into Categories
Understanding
Oneself and Other People
Box 7.1
Individual Differences: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Box 7.2
Individual Differences: Imaginary Companions
Knowledge
of Living Things
Understanding
Why, Where, When, and How Many
Causality
Box 7.3 A
Closer Look: Magical Thinking and Fantasy
Space
Box 7.4
Individual Differences: Development of Spatial Concepts in Blind and Visually
Impaired People
Time
Number
Relations
Among Understanding of Space, Time, and Number
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
8 Intelligence and Academic Achievement
What Is
Intelligence?
Intelligence
as a Single Trait
Intelligence
as a Few Basic Abilities
Intelligence
as Numerous Cognitive Processes
A Proposed
Resolution
Measuring
Intelligence
The
Contents of Intelligence Tests
The
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Continuity
of IQ Scores
IQ Scores
as Predictors of Important Outcomes
Other
Predictors of Success
Genes,
Environment, and the Development of Intelligence
Qualities
of the Child
Influence
of the Immediate Environment
Influence
of Society
Box 8.1
Applications: Highly Successful Early Interventions: Better Beginnings, Better
Futures (BBBF) and the Carolina Abecedarian Project
Alternative
Perspectives on Intelligence
Gardner’s
Theory
Sternberg’s
Theory
Acquisition
of Academic Skills: Reading, Writing, and Mathematics
Reading
Box 8.2
Individual Differences: Dyslexia
Writing
Mathematics
Box 8.3
Applications: Mathematics Disabilities
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
9 Theories of Social Development
Psychoanalytic
Theories
Freud’s
Theory of Psychosexual Development
Erikson’s
Theory of Psychosocial Development
Current
Perspectives
Learning
Theories
Watson’s
Behaviourism
Skinner’s
Operant Conditioning
Social-Learning
Theory
Box 9.1 A
Closer Look: Bandura and Bobo
Current
Perspectives
Theories
of Social Cognition
Selman’s
Stage Theory of Role Taking
Dodge’s
Information-Processing Theory of Social Problem Solving
Dweck’s
Theory of Self-Attributions and Achievement Motivation
Current
Perspectives
Box 9.2 A
Closer Look: Developmental Social Neuroscience
Ecological
Theories
Ethological
and Evolutionary Theories
The
Bioecological Model
Box 9.3
Individual Differences: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Current
Perspectives
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
10 Emotional Development
The
Development of Emotions
Theories
on the Nature and Emergence of Emotion
The
Emergence of Emotions
Box 10.1 A
Closer Look: Basic Emotional Expressions in Infants
Understanding
Emotions
Identifying
the Emotions of Others
Box 10.2 A
Closer Look: Emotional Intelligence
Understanding
Real and False Emotions
Emotion
Regulation
The
Development of Emotion Regulation
The
Relation of Emotion Regulation to Social Competence and Adjustment
The Role
of Family in Emotional Development
Parents’
Expression of Emotion
Parents’
Socialization of Children’s Emotional Responses
Temperament
Measuring
Temperament
Determinants
of Temperament
How
Temperament Fits with Environment
Mental
Health, Stress, and Internalizing Mental Disorders
Stress
Box 10.3
Applications: Toxic Stress and Adverse Childhood Experiences
Internalizing
Mental Disorders
Box 10.4
Individual Differences: Gender Differences in Adolescent Depression
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
11 Attachment to Others and Development of the Self
The
Caregiver–Child Attachment Relationship
Attachment
Theory
Measurement
of Attachment Security
Box 11.1 A
Closer Look: Does Childcare Interfere With Attachment?
Sources of
Individual Differences in Attachment Styles
Box 11.2
Applications: Interventions to Improve Attachment
Attachment
and Social-Emotional Development
The Self
Self-Concept
Box 11.3
Individual Differences: Development of Self-Awareness Among Autistic Children
Box 11.4 A
Closer Look: Is Too Much Praise Bad for Self-Esteem?
Identity
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter 12
The Family
Family
Structure
Changes in
Family Structure in Canada
Box 12.1
Individual Differences: Teenagers as Parents
Same-Sex
Parents
Divorced
Parents
Stepparents
Family
Dynamics
Parenting
Box 12.2
Applications: Should Parents Spank Their Children?
Differences
in Mothers’ and Fathers’ Interactions with Their Children
The
Child’s Influence on Parenting
Sibling
Relationships
Child
Maltreatment
Risks for
Maltreatment
Consequences
of Maltreatment
Box 12.3
Applications: Preventing Child Maltreatment
Family
Socioeconomic Context
Cultural
Contexts
Economic
Contexts
Box 12.4 A
Closer Look: Homelessness
Parents’
Work Contexts
Box 12.5
Applications: Family-Leave Policies
Childcare
Contexts
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter 13
Peer Relationships
Play
Box 13.1
Individual Differences: The Development of Children’s Social Play
Friendships
Children’s
Choice of Friends
Box 13.2
Individual Differences: Culture and Children’s Peer Experience
Developmental
Changes in Friendship
The Role
of Technology in Friendships
Effects of
Friendships on Psychological Functioning and Behaviour
Box 13.3 A
Closer Look: Cyberbullying
Gender
Differences in the Functions of Friendships
Status in
the Peer Group
Measurement
of Peer Status
Box 13.4
Applications: Fostering Children’s Peer Acceptance
Cross-Cultural
Similarities and Differences in Factors Related to Peer Status
The Role
of Parents in Children’s Peer Relationships
Box 13.5 A
Closer Look: Parents’ Strategies for Shaping Peer Relationships
Relations
Between Attachment and Competence with Peers
Quality of
Ongoing Parent–Child Interactions and Peer Relationships
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
14 Moral Development
Moral
Judgment
Piaget’s
Theory of Moral Judgment
Kohlberg’s
Theory of Moral Reasoning
Social
Domain Theory of Moral Development
The
Development of Conscience
Prosocial
Behaviour
The
Development of Prosocial Behaviour
The
Origins of Individual Differences in Prosocial Behaviour
Box 14.1 A
Closer Look: Cultural Contributions to Children’s Prosocial Tendencies
Box 14.2
Applications: School-Based Interventions for Promoting Prosocial Behaviour
Antisocial
Behaviour
The
Development of Antisocial Behaviours
Box 14.3 A
Closer Look: Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder
The
Origins of Aggression and Antisocial Behaviour
Interventions
for Aggressive and Antisocial Children
Box 14.4
Applications: Positive Youth Development and Service Learning
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
15 Gender Development
Sex and
Gender
Box 15.1 A
Closer Look: Challenges to the Gender Binary
Comparisons
of Girls and Boys
Theoretical
Approaches to Gender Development
Biological
Influences
Cognitive
and Motivational Influences
Box 15.2
Applications: Where are Spongesally Squarepants and Curious Jane?
Cultural
Influences
Milestones
in Gender Development
Infancy
and Toddlerhood
Preschool
Years
Middle
Childhood
Adolescence
Patterns
of Gender Development
Physical
Growth: Prenatal Development Through Adolescence
Cognitive
Abilities and Academic Achievement
Interpersonal
Goals and Communication
Aggressive
Behaviour
Box 15.3
Applications: Sexual Harassment and Dating Violence
Chapter
Summary
Test
Yourself
Critical
Thinking Questions
Key Terms
Answers to
Test Yourself
Chapter
16 Conclusions
Theme 1:
Nature and Nurture: All Interactions, All the Time
Nature and
Nurture Begin Interacting Before Birth
Infants’
Nature Elicits Nurture
Timing
Matters
Nature
Does Not Reveal Itself All at Once
Everything
Influences Everything
Theme 2:
Children Play Active Roles in Their Own Development
Self-Initiated
Activity
Active
Interpretation of Experience
Self-Regulation
Eliciting
Reactions from Other People
Theme 3:
Development Is Both Continuous and Discontinuous
Continuity/Discontinuity
of Individual Differences
Continuity/Discontinuity
of Overall Development: The Question of Stages
Theme 4:
Mechanisms of Developmental Change
Biological
Change Mechanisms
Behavioural
Change Mechanisms
Cognitive
Change Mechanisms
Change
Mechanisms Work Together
Theme 5:
The Sociocultural Context Shapes Development
Growing Up
in Societies with Different Practices and Values
Growing Up
in Different Times and Places
Growing Up
in Different Circumstances Within a Society
Theme 6:
Individual Differences
Breadth of
Individual Differences at a Given Time
Stability
Over Time
Predicting
Future Individual Differences on Other Dimensions
Determinants
of Individual Differences
Theme 7:
Child-Development Research Can Improve Children’s Lives
Implications
for Parenting
Implications
for Education
Implications
for Helping Children at Risk
Improving
Social Policy
CHAPTER
Summary
Test
Yourself
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