Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology, 3rd Edition, 3e by William J. Ray
Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology, 3rd Edition, 3e by William J. Ray
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TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Chapter
1 • An Overview of Psychopathology and Changing Conceptualizations of Mental
Illness
Understanding
Psychopathology: Definitions and Key Considerations
Defining
Psychopathology and Understanding Its Components
Impact of
Mental Disorders
Stigma and
Mental Disorders
LENS:
American Attitudes Toward Mental Illness
The Three
Major Themes of This Book
Levels of
Analysis
Biopsychosocial
Approach
The
Relation of Evolution and Culture to Psychopathology
Is
Psychopathology Universal?
Cultural
LENS: Global Mental Health: Available Treatment
Historical
Considerations in Understanding Psychopathology
Ancient
Greek and Roman Influences—Mental Illness Involves the Brain
Psychopathology
in the Middle Ages
From the
Renaissance to the 1700s—The Beginning of Modern Science
Discovering
the Function of the Brain in Behavior and Psychopathology
The 1700s
to the 1900s
A Growing
Understanding of the Role of Evolution
A Search
for Organization
Care for
Those With Mental Disorders
From the
Past to the Present
LENS:
Closing Mental Hospitals in America
Biological
Approaches to Treating Mental Illness
Psychological
Treatment Perspectives in the Twentieth Century
Psychodynamic
Perspectives on Treatment
Sigmund
Freud
Existential-Humanistic
Perspectives
Behavioral
and Cognitive Behavioral Perspectives
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
2 • Neuroscience Approaches to Understanding Psychopathology
The
Growing Importance of Neuroscience, Genetics, and an Evolutionary Perspective
Brain
Anatomy, Neurons, and Neurotransmitters
A Quick
Review of Brain Anatomy and Function
Neurons
and Neural Transmission
How Does
the Neuron Pass Information?
Major
Neurotransmitters
Encoding
Information
How Do We
Observe the Brain at Work?
Evoked
Potentials
Positron
Emission Tomography
Functional
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Diffusion
Tensor Imaging
Spatial
and Temporal Resolution
Cultural
LENS: Using Brain Imaging to Understand Culture
LENS:
Neuroethics: Ethical Considerations When Using Neuroscience Techniques
Networks
of the Brain
Neurons
Connect in a Network
What Is
the Brain’s Default (Intrinsic) Network?
Different
Networks Are Involved in Different Tasks
Genetics
and Psychopathology
The Study
of Genetics
What Do
Genes Do?
How Do
Genes Influence Behavior?
Epigenetic
Processes
Mitochondria
and Mitochondrial Inheritance
What Are
Endophenotypes?
Evolution
and Psychopathology
The Themes
of Evolution
Psychopathology
From an Evolutionary Perspective
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
3 • Research Methods
What Is
Science?
Nonexperimental
Methods of Psychological Research
Case Study
Naturalistic
Observation: Just Looking
Correlational
Approach: What Goes With What
The
Experimental Method: Making It Happen
Definitions
in the Experimental Method
Does
Playing Music Change the Brain?
Logic and
Inference: The Detective Work of Science
What Do I
Expect to Happen?
Designing
an Experimental Study
Participants
in the Study
Putting
Participants in Groups
Designing
and Structuring the Experimental Study
Is the
Dependent Variable Related to the Independent Variable?
Null
Hypothesis and Inferential Statistics
Confound
Hypothesis
Research
Hypothesis
Cultural
LENS: Randomized Controlled Trials of Global Mental Health Treatments in Low-
and Middle-Income Countries
Other
Types of Experimental Designs and Research Considerations
Single-Subject
Designs
Longitudinal
Research
Epidemiological
Research
Research
Involving Genetics
Behavioral
Genetics
Clinical
and Statistical Significance
Replication
and Meta-Analysis
LENS:
Treatment and Clinical Perspectives: Failure to Publish the Results of All
Clinical Trials Is Hurting Medical Science
Ethics and
the Scientific Experiment
The
Experiment as an Ethical Problem
Ingredients
of the Initial Scientist–Participant Dialogue
Voluntary
Participation
Informed
Consent
The Rights
of the Research Participant and the Responsibilities of the Experimenter
What Is
Harmful to a Research Participant?
The
Institutional Review Board
The
Ethical Relationship
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
4 • Assessment and Classification of Psychological Disorders
Initial
Assessment and the Mental Status Exam
The
Clinical Interview
The Mental
Status Exam
Structured
Interviews and Assessment Considerations
Structured
Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders
Assessing
Cultural Dimensions
Reliability
and Validity in Relation to Psychopathology
Reliability
Cultural
LENS: Empirically Supported Research Approaches and Cultural Competence
Assessment
Validity
Models of
Assessment
Symptom
Questionnaires
Personality
Tests
Minnesota
Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Projective
Tests
Rorschach
Inkblots
Thematic
Apperception Test (TAT)
Neuropsychological
Testing
Neuropsychological
Tests and Mental Illness
Using
Neuroscience Techniques to Identify Mental Illness
Diagnostic
Considerations in Psychopathology
Categorical
Versus Dimensional Approaches
Comorbidity,
Internalizing Disorders, and Externalizing Disorders
Utilizing
Neuroscience Methods in Diagnosis and Treatment
Classification
Systems for Mental Disorders
International
Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Origins of
the DSM
Early
Versions of the DSM and the Eventual Focus on Diagnostic Criteria
DSM–5: The
Current Version
LENS:
Assessment, Classification, and Clinical Practice: The RDoC Alternative to the
DSM
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
5 • Childhood and Adolescent-Onset Disorders
Important
Aspects of Normal Childhood Development
Brain
Development
Effects of
Early Life Stress
Theories
of Attachment
Harry
Harlow’s Experiments With Infant Monkeys
John
Bowlby’s Research on Attachment
Mary
Ainsworth’s Work and Styles of Attachment
Long-Term
Consequences of Early Attachment Patterns
Imitation
Learning
Cultural
LENS: Romania Adoption Study
Theory of
Mind
Adolescence
Social
Brain in Adolescence
Risk
Taking in Adolescence
Brain
Systems Involved in Social Relations
Attachment
Disorders, Conduct Disorder, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Attachment
Disorders
Conduct
Disorder
Oppositional
Defiant Disorder
Case of
Robert: Conduct Disorder
Treatment
for Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Cultural
LENS: School Shootings Around the World
Autism
Spectrum Disorder
Characteristics
of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5: Autism Spectrum Disorder
Causes of
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Brain
Contributions to Autism Spectrum Disorder
Ability to
Systemize in Autism
Special
Talents
Treatment
for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Attention
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disorders
ADHD
CLICK TO ACCESS: Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology, 3rd Edition, 3e by William J. Ray
Prevalence
and Characteristics of ADHD
Causes of
ADHD
LENS: Do
Adults With ADHD Have a Different Disorder From That Seen in Children?
Treatment
for ADHD
Learning
Disabilities
Intellectual
Developmental Disorder
Characteristics
of Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Levels of
Functioning
Causes of
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
IDD
Related to Chromosomes
IDD
Related to Metabolism
IDD
Related to Gestation
Treatment
for Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
6 • Mood Disorders and Suicide
Introducing
Mood Disorders
Cultural
LENS: Mood Disorders Around the World
Major
Depressive Disorder
Characteristics
and Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder
Causes of
Depression
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5—Grief Exception
Developmental
Aspects of Depression
Cognitive
Model of Depression
Are
Depression and Inflammation Related?
Evidence
That Depression Runs in Families
The
Evolutionary Perspective Concerning Depression
Resource
Conservation
LENS:
Everyday Social Behavior During a Major Depressive Episode
Social
Competition
Social
Risk Hypothesis
Treatment
for Depression
Biological
and Neuroscience Treatments for Depression
Medications
for Depression
Electroconvulsive
Therapy
Vagal
Nerve Stimulation
Transcranial
Magnetic Stimulation
Deep Brain
Stimulation
Psychological
Treatments for Depression
Cognitive
Therapy
Emotion-Focused
Therapy
Psychodynamic
Therapy
Efforts to
Prevent Depression
Bipolar
Disorder
Types and
Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder
Diagnosis
of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar I
Disorder
Bipolar II
Disorder
Cyclothymic
Disorder
Prevalence
of Bipolar Disorder
Causes of
Bipolar Disorder
Genetics
of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar
Disorder and Creativity
Brain
Imaging and Bipolar Disorder
Neurotransmitter
Dysregulation
Environmental
Factors
Treatment
for Bipolar Disorder
Psychological
Treatments for Bipolar Disorder
Medications
for Bipolar Disorder
Suicide
Cultural
and Gender Differences in Suicide
Suicide
Underreporting and Methods Used in Suicide Attempts
Endophenotypes
and Suicide
LENS:
Suicide Among College Students
Long-Term
and Short-Term Factors Related to Suicide
Suicide in
the Military
Preventing
Suicide
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
7 • Stress, Trauma, and Psychopathology
Psychological
Stress and Psychopathology
Does
Trauma Produce Mental Illness?
The
Physiological Mechanisms Related to Stress and Trauma
What Makes
You Run From Bears? Stress and the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis
The
Autonomic Nervous System
Psychological
Stress and the Immune System
Trauma
Changes Our Genes Through Tagging (Epigenetics)
Is Social
Pain Like Physical Pain?
The Study
of Stress
Does Fight
or Flight Apply Equally to Males and Females?
Does
Social Stress Produce a Similar Reaction to Physical Stress?
Trauma-
and Stressor-Related Disorders in DSM–5
Adjustment
Disorders
Acute
Stress Disorder
Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
Causes,
Characteristics, and Prevalence of PTSD
LENS: Does
Debriefing Help Prevent PTSD?
DSM–5
Criteria for PTSD
Cultural
LENS: Child Soldiers in Africa
The
Physiological Aspects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Treatment
for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Case of
Victoria English: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5: PTSD Definitions in DSM–IV and DSM–5
LENS:
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Suicide in the Military
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
8 • Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Overview
of Anxiety Disorders
The Nature
of Anxiety and Evolutionary Explanations
Cognitive
Processes in Anxiety
Neurobiology
of Anxiety Disorders
Developmental
Aspects of Anxiety
Models of
Anxiety Development
Cultural
LENS: Global Mental Health: Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety
Disorders Around the World
Major
Types of Anxiety Disorders
Separation
Anxiety Disorder
Treatment
for Separation Anxiety Disorder
Generalized
Anxiety Disorder
Treatment
for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Psychological
Treatment
Biological
Treatment
Social
Anxiety Disorder
Case of
Adam Caldwell: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Neuroscience
Aspects of Social Anxiety
LENS:
Anxiety and the Prescribing of Benzodiazepines
Treatment
for Social Anxiety Disorder
Agoraphobia
Specific
Phobia
Neuroscience
Aspects of Specific Phobias
Treatment
for Specific Phobias
Panic
Disorder
Neuroscience
Aspects of Panic Disorder
Treatment
for Panic Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
Characteristics,
Prevalence, and Significant Aspects of OCD
Other
DSM–5 Disorders Categorized With OCD
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Brain
Processes Associated With OCD
Treatment
for OCD
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
9 • Dissociative Disorders and Somatic Symptom Disorders
Dissociative
Disorders
Depersonalization/Derealization
Disorder
Two Case
Studies: Depersonalization
Dissociative
Amnesia
Case of
Michael Boatwright: Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative
Identity Disorder
LENS:
Multiple Personality and the Media
Treatment
for Dissociative Disorders
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5: Dissociative Disorders
Somatic
Symptom and Related Disorders
Somatic
System Disorder
Illness
Anxiety Disorder
Cultural
LENS: Culture and Somatic Symptoms
Conversion
Disorder
Factitious
Disorder
LENS:
Awareness of the Body and the Brain
Treatment
for Somatic Symptom Disorders
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
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Chapter
10 • eating disorders
Overview:
Feeding Disorders, Obesity, and eating disorders
Feeding
Disorders
Pica
Rumination
Disorder
Avoidant/Restrictive
Food Intake Disorder
The
Problem of Obesity
Neuroscience
Aspects of Obesity
Cultural
LENS: Reducing Obesity Worldwide
Differences
in the View of Ideal Weight Between Males and Females
The Major
Eating Disorders
LENS:
Eating Disorders and Sports
Anorexia
Nervosa
Characteristics
of Anorexia Nervosa
Neuroscience
and Anorexia
LENS:
Eating Disorders and Your Gut
Causes of
Anorexia Nervosa
Treating
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia
Nervosa
Characteristics
and Prevalence of Bulimia Nervosa
Causes of
Bulimia Nervosa
Treating
Bulimia Nervosa
Case of
Anne Hart: Bulimia Nervosa
Binge
Eating Disorder
Treating
Binge Eating
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5: Eating Disorders
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
11 • Sexual Disorders, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria
Sexuality
in Context
Historical
Perspectives
Recent
Studies on the Sexual Activities of Americans
Sexual
Desire, Arousal, and Response
Your Brain
and Sexual Activity
Cultural
LENS: Sexuality and the Clashing of Cultures
Normal
Sexual Functioning
Sexual
Dysfunction Disorders
Erectile
Disorder
Female
Orgasmic Disorder
Delayed
Ejaculation
Early
Ejaculation
Female
Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Male
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Genito-Pelvic
Pain/Penetration Disorder
Treatment
Approaches for Sexual Dysfunction Disorders
Sex
Therapy
Medications
and Other Treatments
Paraphilic
Disorders
Exhibitionistic
Disorder
Frotteuristic
Disorder
Fetishistic
Disorder
Pedophilic
Disorder
Sexual
Masochism Disorder
Sexual
Sadism Disorder
Transvestic
Disorder
Voyeuristic
Disorder
Other
Paraphilic Disorders
Causes and
Treatment Approaches for Paraphilic Disorders
Case of
George Nadel: Court-Mandated Treatment for Child Pornography Possession
Gender
Dysphoria
Gender
Roles, Gender Identity, and Gender Dysphoria
LENS:
Transgender: Bruce Jenner’s Journey to Caitlyn Jenner
Development,
Characteristics, and Prevalence of Gender Dysphoria
The Brain
and Gender Dysphoria
Providing
Assistance for Individuals With Gender Dysphoria
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5: Sexual and Gender-Related Experiences
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
12 • Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Cultural
LENS: Cultural and Historical Factors Related to Using Drugs
Drug Use
in the United States
Substance
Abuse, Dependence, and Addiction
Substance
Disorders in DSM–5 and ICD-10
Who
Becomes Addicted?
Genetic,
Environmental, and Evolutionary Influences
Pattern of
Addiction
Can Drugs
Change Your Brain?
Alcohol
DSM–5
Alcohol-Related Disorders
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Case of
Richard Thompson: Alcohol Use Disorder
Effects of
Alcohol on the Human Body
Moderate,
Heavy, and Binge Drinking
Rates of
Drinking
Do People
Who Drink More Like It More?
Marijuana,
Hallucinogens, and Opioids
Cannabis
Cannabis
and Psychosis
LENS: The
Legalization of Marijuana
Hallucinogens
Opioids
Do You
Have Opium Receptors in Your Brain?
Stimulants:
Cocaine, Amphetamines, Caffeine, and Nicotine
Cocaine
Cocaine,
Dopamine, and Your Brain
Amphetamines
Amphetamines
as a Medicine
Caffeine
Tobacco
and Nicotine
Gambling
Treatment
of Substance-Related Disorders
Principles
of Effective Treatment
LENS: Drug
Use—Rehabilitation, Not Jail
Psychosocial
Therapies and Addiction
The
12-Step Program
Controlled
Drinking Approaches
Medications
Used to Treat Addiction
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
13 • Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
Basics: Prevalence, Course, and Symptoms
Prevalence
and Course of Schizophrenia
Cultural
LENs: Schizophrenia Around the World
Positive
and Negative Symptoms
Positive
Symptoms
LENS: Elyn
Saks Describes Her Day-to-Day Experiences With Schizophrenia
Negative
Symptoms
Multilevel
Process for Diagnosing Schizophrenia
Are There
Subtypes of Schizophrenia?
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5: Schizophrenia
Historical
and Evolutionary Perspectives on Schizophrenia
Historical
Perspective
Case of
James Stern: Schizophrenia
Evolutionary
Perspective
Factors in
the Development of Schizophrenia
Genetic
Factors in Schizophrenia
Endophenotypes
Associated With Schizophrenia
Causes and
Effects: Neuroscience Findings About Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
and Brain Function
What Brain
Changes Are Seen in Schizophrenia?
Ventricle
Changes in Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
and Brain Networks
Neurotransmitters
Involved in Schizophrenia
How Are
Cognitive Processes Changed in Schizophrenia?
Treating
Individuals With Schizophrenia
LENS:
Mercy Bookings of Mental Patients
Antipsychotic
Medications
Psychosocial
Interventions for Schizophrenia
LENS:
Mental Health Networks of Those With Serious Mental Health Disorders
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
Chapter
14 • Personality Disorders
Personality
Disorders and Personality
What Is a
Personality Disorder?
Comorbidity
of Personality Disorders
Cultural
LENS: Global Mental Health: Personality Disorders
Personality
Disorders and Typical Personality Traits
The
Characteristics of a Healthy Self
Typical
Personality Traits
Evolution
and Different Personality Characteristics
Maladaptive
Personality Traits and Personality Disorders
Categories
and Dimensions
Environmental
and Genetic Studies of Personality Disorders
Odd,
Eccentric Personality Disorders
Paranoid
Personality Disorder
Schizoid
Personality Disorder
Schizotypal
Personality Disorder
Case of
Nathan James: Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Dramatic
Emotional Personality Disorders
Antisocial
Personality Disorder and Psychopathy
Antisocial
Personality Disorder
Psychopathy
Case of
Jim Nelson: Mandated Treatment for Child Sexual Abuse
Brain
Involvement in Psychopathy
Borderline
Personality Disorder
Case of
Amy James: Borderline Personality Disorder
Brain
Studies of Those With Borderline Personality Disorder
Trust and
Borderline Personality Disorder
Histrionic
Personality Disorder
Case of
Amy Porter: Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic
Personality Disorder
Case of
Dawn Nichols: Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Anxious,
Fearful Personality Disorders
Avoidant
Personality Disorder
Dependent
Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Disorder
Treatment
of Personality Disorders
Dialectical
Behavior Therapy
Other
Proven Therapies for Treating Borderline Personality Disorder
Treatments
for Other Personality Disorders
LENS:
Marsha Linehan, Creating Dialectical Behavior Therapy From Her Own Experiences
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5: Personality Disorders
Summary
Study
Resources
Review
Questions
For
Further Reading
Key Terms
and Concepts
SAGE edge
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Chapter
15 • Neurocognitive Disorders
Normal
Cognitive Changes Related to Aging
Do
Cognitive Abilities Change With Age?
Cultural
LENS: Aging Around the World
How the
Brain Changes With Age
Delirium
Characteristics,
Prevalence, and Causes of Delirium
Case of
Bobby Baldwin: Delirium
Mild and
Major Neurocognitive Disorders
Characteristics,
Prevalence, and Diagnosis of Neurocognitive Disorders
Neurocognitive
Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease
Characteristics,
Prevalence, and Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Understanding
Changes in DSM–5: Neurocognitive Disorders
Neurofibrillary
Tangles and Neuritic Plaques
Genes and
Alzheimer’s Disease
Neuroimaging
of Alzheimer’s Disease
Other
Neurocognitive Disorders
Vascular
Neurocognitive Disorder
Frontotemporal
Neurocognitive Disorder
The
Development of Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder in a Scientist and Artist
Neurocognitive
Disorder Due to Traumatic Brain Injury
LENS: The
Silent Epidemic of Concussion
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