Test Bank for Social Psychology, The Science of Everyday Life, 3rd Edition, 3e by Jeff Greenberg, Toni Schmader, Jamie Arndt, Mark Landau
CLICK TO ACCESS: Test Bank for Social Psychology,The Science of Everyday Life, 3rd Edition, 3e by Jeff Greenberg, Toni Schmader, Jamie Arndt, Mark Landau TEST BANK
ISBN-13:
9781319191788
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
The Roots
of Social Psychology
An
Instinct-Based View of Human Behavior
Psychoanalytic
Theory: The Hidden Desires That Guide Behavior
Behaviorism:
Behavior Is Shaped by Experience
The
Emergence of Modern Social Psychology
Toward an
Integrated Perspective on Human Behavior
Section
Review: The Roots of Social Psychology
The Four
Core Assumptions of Social Psychology
1.
Behavior Is a Joint Product of the Person and the Situation
2.
Behavior Depends on a Socially Constructed View of Reality
3.
Behavior Is Strongly Influenced by Our Social Cognition
4. The
Best Way to Understand Social Behavior Is to Use the Scientific Method
Section
Review: The Four Core Assumptions of Social Psychology
Cultural
Knowledge: The Intuitive Encyclopedia
Explaining
Behavior Through Introspection
Explaining
Behavior Using Intuitive Observation
Section
Review: Cultural Knowledge: The Intuitive Encyclopedia
The
Scientific Method: Systematizing the Acquisition of Knowledge
The Cycle
of Theory and Research in Social Psychology
Stereotype
Threat: Case Study of a Theory
Research:
The Correlational Method
Research:
The Experimental Method
Section
Review: The Scientific Method: Systematizing the Acquisition of Knowledge
Theory
Building: The Engine of Scientific Progress
What Makes
for a Good Theory in Social Psychology?
Assessing
Abstract Theories with Concrete Research
The
Limitations of Science
Section
Review: Theory Building: The Engine of Scientific Progress
Ethical
Considerations in Research
Harming
Research Participants
Deceiving
Research Participants
Ethical
Safeguards
Section
Review: Ethical Considerations in Research
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
2 Fundamentals of Social Behavior
Evolution:
How Living Things Change over Time
Natural
Selection
Survival
of the Fittest: Yes, but What Is Fittest?
Section
Review: Evolution: How Living Things Change over Time
General
Adaptations of the Cultural Animal
Humans Are
Social Beings
Humans Are
Very Intelligent Beings
Humans Are
Motivated, Goal-Striving Beings
Humans Are
Very Emotional Beings
Section
Review: General Adaptations of the Cultural Animal
Culture:
The Uniquely Human Adaptation
What Is
Culture?
Culture as
Creative Adaptation
Section
Review: Culture: The Uniquely Human Adaptation
How
Culture Helps Us Adapt
Culture
and the Natural Environment
Culture
and the Social Environment
Culture
and the Metaphysical Environment
Culture as
a Synthesis of Human-Created Adaptations
Section
Review: How Culture Helps Us Adapt
Culture in
the Round: Central Issues
Does
Culture Illuminate or Obscure Reality?
Is Culture
a Good or Bad Thing?
Is There
Just One Culture? Beyond a Monolithic View
Section
Review: Culture in the Round: Central Issues
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
3 The Core Elements of Social Cognition
The “Why”
of Social Cognition: The Motives Behind Thinking
Section
Review: The “Why” of Social Cognition: The Motives Behind Thinking
The “How”
of Social Cognition: Two Ways to Think About the Social World
The
Strange Case of Facilitated Communication
Dual
Process Theories
The Smart
Unconscious
Section
Review: The “How” of Social Cognition: Two Ways to Think About the Social World
The “What”
of Social Cognition: Schemas as the Cognitive Building Blocks of Knowledge
Knowledge
Is Stored in Mental Structures Called Schemas
Where Do
Schemas Come From? Cultural Sources of Knowledge
How Do
Schemas Work? Accessibility and Priming of Schemas
Confirmation
Bias: How Schemas Alter Perceptions and Shape Reality
Beyond
Schemas: Metaphor’s Influence on Social Thought
Section
Review: The “What” of Social Cognition: Schemas as the Cognitive Building
Blocks of Knowledge
Returning
to the “Why”: Motivational Factors in Social Cognition and Behavior
Priming
and Motivation
Motivated
Social Cognition
Mood and
Social Judgment
The Next
Step Toward Understanding Social Understanding
Section
Review: Returning to the “Why”: Motivational Factors in Social Cognition and
Behavior
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
4 Thinking About People and Events
Remembering
Things Past
How Are
Memories Formed?
How Do We
Remember?
Section
Review: Remembering Things Past
Inferring
Cause and Effect in the Social World
Common
Sense Psychology
Automatic
Processes in Causal Attribution
Dispositional
Attribution: A Three-Stage Model
Elaborate
Attributional Processes
Section
Review: Inferring Cause and Effect in the Social World
What If,
If Only: Counterfactual Thinking
The More
Easily We Can Mentally Undo an Event, the Stronger Our Reaction to It
Upward
Counterfactuals
Downward
Counterfactuals
Upward and
Downward Counterfactuals and Personal Accomplishments: The Thrill of Victory,
the Agony of Defeat
Is It
Better to Generate Upward or Downward Counterfactuals?
Section
Review: What If, If Only: Counterfactual Thinking
Forming
Impressions of People
Beginning
with the Basics: Perceiving Faces, Physical Attributes, and Group Membership
Impression
Formation
Changing
First Impressions
Section
Review: Forming Impressions of People
Critical
Learning Exercises
CLICK TO ACCESS: Test Bank for Social Psychology,The Science of Everyday Life, 3rd Edition, 3e by Jeff Greenberg, Toni Schmader, Jamie Arndt, Mark Landau TEST BANK
Chapter
5 The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self
Social
Influences on the Self-Concept
Culture
Gender
Context
Section
Review: Social Influences on the Self-Concept
How Do We
Come to Know the Self?
Reflected
Appraisals: Seeing Ourselves Through the Eyes of Others
Social
Comparison: Knowing the Self Through Comparison with Others
Self-Perception
Theory: Knowing the Self by Observing One’s Own Behavior
Using the
Self to Know One’s Feelings
Section
Review: How Do We Come to Know the Self?
Self-Regulation
Self-Awareness
and Self-Regulation
Staying on
Target: How Goals Motivate and Guide Action
Self-Regulation
and the Psychology of Time
Section
Review: Self-Regulation
Self-Regulatory
Challenges
Willpower:
Running Hot and Cool
Insufficient
Energy or Diminished Motivation
Getting
Our Emotions Under Control
When We
Can’t Let Go: Self-Regulatory Perseveration and Depression
Section
Review: Self-Regulatory Challenges
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
6 The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth
The Motive
to Maintain a Consistent Self
Self-Consistency
at the Micro Level: Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Self-Consistency
at the Macro Level: Sustaining a Sense of the Self as a Unified Whole
Section
Review: The Motive to Maintain a Consistent Self
The
Self-Esteem Motive: Establishing and Defending One’s Value
What Is
Self-Esteem, and Where Does It Come From?
Maintaining
and Defending Self-Esteem
Why Do
People Need Self-Esteem?
The
Influence of Treatment by Others: Ostracism
Protecting
and Enhancing Self-Esteem: Cultural Differences
Types of
Self-Esteem
Should We
Stop Caring About Self-Esteem?
Section
Review: The Self-Esteem Motive: Establishing and Defending One’s Value
Self-Presentation:
The Show Must Go On
The
Dramaturgical Perspective
Individual
Differences in Self-Presentation
Audience-Monitoring
Errors
The Goals
of Self-Presentation
Section
Review: Self-Presentation: The Show Must Go On
Motives
for Growth and Self-Expansion
Self-Determination
Theory
Section
Review: Motives for Growth and Self-Expansion
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
7 Social Influence
Learning
from Others
Social
Learning Theory
Social
Priming and the Influence of Norms
Social
Contagion
The Social
Construction of Reality
Section
Review: Learning from Others
Conformity
Asch
Conformity Studies
What the
Asch Conformity Studies Teach Us About Why People Conform
What
Personality and Situational Variables Influence Conformity?
Neural
Processes Associated with Conformity
Section
Review: Conformity
Minority
Influence
How
Minorities Exert Their Influence
Section
Review: Minority Influence
Compliance:
The Art and Science of Getting What You Want
Self-Perception
and Commitment
Reciprocity
Social
Proof
Scarcity
Mindlessness
Section
Review: Compliance: The Art and Science of Getting What You Want
Obedience
to Authority
Other
Variables That Play Roles in Obedience
Anticipating
Your Questions
Why Do We
Obey?
The Role
of Charisma in the Rise to Power
Section
Review: Obedience to Authority
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
8 Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior
Elaboration
Likelihood Model: Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion
Motivation
to Think
Ability to
Think
Why It
Matters
Section
Review: Elaboration Likelihood Model: Central and Peripheral Routes to
Persuasion
Characteristics
of the Source
Communicator
Credibility
Communicator
Attractiveness
Communicator
Similarity
Section
Review: Characteristics of the Source
Characteristics
of the Message
Thinking
Differently: What Changes Our Minds
Emotional
Responses to Persuasive Messages
Section
Review: Characteristics of the Message
Characteristics
of the Audience
Persuadability
Initial
Attitudes
Need for
Cognition and Self-Monitoring
Regulatory
Focus
Section
Review: Characteristics of the Audience
Resistance
to Persuasion
Knowing
What to Resist
Being
Motivated to Resist
Resisting
Strategically: Attitude Inoculation
Consequences
of Forewarning
Section
Review: Resistance to Persuasion
The
Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior
Why
Attitudes Often Don’t Predict Behavior
Factors
That Affect How Well Attitudes Predict Behavior
How
Attitudes Influence Behavior
Section
Review: The Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
9 Group Processes
What Is a
Group?
Section
Review: What Is a Group?
Why Do
People Join and Identify with Groups?
Promoting
Survival and Achieving Goals
Reducing
Uncertainty
Bolstering
Self-Esteem
Managing
Mortality Concerns
Section
Review: Why Do People Join and Identify with Groups?
Cooperation
in Groups
Social
Dilemmas and the Science of Cooperation
When Do
People Cooperate?
Why Do
People Cooperate?
Fairness
Norms: Evolutionary and Cultural Perspectives
Section
Review: Cooperation in Groups
Performance
in a Social Context
Performing
in Front of Others: Social Facilitation
Performing
with Others: Social Loafing
Social
Facilitation and Social Loafing Compared
Deindividuation:
Getting Caught Up in the Crowd
Section
Review: Performance in a Social Context
Group
Decision Making
Group
Polarization
Groupthink
Section
Review: Group Decision Making
Leadership,
Power, and Group Hierarchy
What Makes
a Leader Effective?
Power
Changes People
Hierarchy
in Social Groups
Section
Review: Leadership, Power, and Group Hierarchy
Why Do
People Leave and Disidentify with Groups?
Promoting
Survival
Reducing
Uncertainty
Bolstering
Self-Esteem
Managing
Mortality Concerns
Section
Review: Why Do People Leave and Disidentify with Groups?
Critical
Learning Exercises
CLICK TO ACCESS: Test Bank for Social Psychology,The Science of Everyday Life, 3rd Edition, 3e by Jeff Greenberg, Toni Schmader, Jamie Arndt, Mark Landau TEST BANK
Chapter
10 Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination
The Nature
of Prejudice: Pervasiveness and Perspective
Section
Review: The Nature of Prejudice: Pervasiveness and Perspective
The Roots
of Prejudice: Three Basic Causes
Hostile
Feelings Linked to a Category
Ingroup
Bias: We Like Us Better Than Them
Ethnocentrism,
the Cultural Worldview, and Threat
Section
Review: The Roots of Prejudice: Three Basic Causes
The
Prejudiced Personality
Section
Review: The Prejudiced Personality
Has
Prejudice Become Less Prevalent over Time?
Complexities
of Modern Prejudice
Implicit
Prejudice
Section
Review: Has Prejudice Become Less Prevalent over Time?
Stereotyping:
The Cognitive Companion of Prejudice
Where Do
People’s Stereotypic Beliefs Come From?
Why Do We
Apply Stereotypes?
How Do
Stereotypes Come into Play?
How Do
Stereotypes Contribute to Bias?
Section
Review: Stereotyping: The Cognitive Companion of Prejudice
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
11 Responding to and Reducing Prejudice
Prejudice
from a Target’s Perspective
Perceiving
Prejudice and Discrimination
The
Harmful Impact of Stereotypes on Behavior
Section
Review: Prejudice from a Target’s Perspective
What’s a
Target to Do? Coping with Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Coping
with Stereotype and Social Identity Threat
Coping
with Prejudice and Discrimination: Social Strategies
Coping
with Prejudice and Discrimination: Psychological Strategies
Section
Review: What’s a Target to Do? Coping with Stereotyping, Prejudice, and
Discrimination
Reducing
Prejudice
Working
from the Top Down: Changing the Culture
Connecting
Across a Divide: Controlling Prejudice in Intergroup Interactions
Setting
the Stage for Positive Change: The Contact Hypothesis
Reducing
Prejudice Without Contact
Final
Thoughts
Section
Review: Reducing Prejudice
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
12 Interpersonal Aggression
Defining
Aggression
The Role
of Intention
The Harm
Caused by Aggression
Affective
and Instrumental Aggression
Measuring
Aggression
Section
Review: Defining Aggression
Biology
and Human Aggression
An
Ethological Perspective
The
Physiology of Aggression
Natural-Born
Pacifists
Uniquely
Human Aspects of Aggression
Section
Review: Biology and Human Aggression
Situational
Triggers of Aggression: The Context Made Me Do It
The
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
When Do
Hostile Feelings Lead to Aggression? The Cognitive Neoassociationism Model
Priming
Aggressive Cognitions
Section
Review: Situational Triggers of Aggression: The Context Made Me Do It
Learning
to Aggress
Media and
Aggression
Culture
and Aggression
Section
Review: Learning to Aggress
Individual
Differences in Aggression
Gender
Differences in Aggression
Trait
Aggressiveness
Intelligence
Personality
Traits and Reactivity to Provocation
Sadism
Section
Review: Individual Differences in Aggression
The Roles
of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Aggression
Section
Review: The Roles of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Aggression
Violence
Against Women
Domestic
Violence
Sexual
Coercion and Rape
Section
Review: Violence Against Women
Reducing
Aggression
Societal
Interventions
Interpersonal
Interventions
Individual
Interventions
Section
Review: Culture: Reducing Aggression
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
13 Prosocial Behavior
The Basic
Motives for Helping
Human
Nature and Prosocial Behavior
Learning
to Be Good
Section
Review: The Basic Motives for Helping
Does
Altruism Exist?
Social
Exchange Theory: Helping to Benefit the Self
Empathy:
Helping to Benefit Others
Section
Review: Does Altruism Exist?
The Social
and Emotional Triggers of Helping
Similarity
and Prejudice
The
Empathy Gap
The Role
of Causal Attributions
Other
Prosocial Feelings
Section
Review: The Social and Emotional Triggers of Helping
Priming
Prosocial Feelings and Behavior
Positive
Affect
Priming
Prosocial Roles
Priming
Religious Values
Section
Review: Priming Prosocial Feelings and Behavior
Why Do
People Fail to Help?
The
Bystander Effect
Population
Density
Section
Review: Why Do People Fail to Help?
Who Is
Most Likely to Help?
An
Altruistic Personality?
Individual
Differences in Motivations for Helping
The Role
of Political Values
The Role
of Gender
Section
Review: Who Is Most Likely to Help?
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
14 Interpersonal Attraction
The Need
to Belong
Why Do We
Need to Belong?
Where Did
This Need Come From?
Section
Review: The Need to Belong
The Basics
of Interpersonal Attraction
Proximity:
Like the One You’re Near
The Reward
Model of Liking
Others’
Attributes Can Be Rewarding
Attraction
to Those Who Fulfill Needs
Section
Review: The Basics of Interpersonal Attraction
Physical
Attractiveness
The
Importance of Physical Appearance
The
Physical Attractiveness Stereotype, AKA the Halo Effect
Common
Denominators of Attractive Faces
Do Men and
Women Differ in What They Find Attractive? An Evolutionary Perspective
Attraction
in Same-Sex Relationships
Cultural
and Situational Influences on Attractiveness
Section
Review: Physical Attractiveness
Gender
Differences in Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors
An
Evolutionary Perspective
Cultural
Influences
Your
Cheating Heart: Reactions to Infidelity
Section
Review: Gender Differences in Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors
Critical
Learning Exercises
Chapter
15 Close Relationships
What Makes
Close Relationships Special?
Parasocial
Relationships
Why Are
Close Relationships So Important?
Section
Review: What Makes Close Relationships Special?
This Thing
Called Love
Romantic
Love
Culture
and Love
Psychological
Theories of Love
Models of
the Experience of Love
Section
Review: This Thing Called Love
Cost–Benefit
Perspectives on Relationships
The Social
Exchange Model
Equity
Theory
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