Public Policy: Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives 7th Edition by Scott R. Furlong and Michael E. Kraft. ISBN-13 978-1544374611. TEST BANK

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Test Bank for Public Policy, Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives, 7th Edition, 7e by Michael E. Kraft and Scott R. Furlong TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9781544374611 FULL CHAPTERS INCLUDED Part I: The S tudy of Public Policy 1 | Public Policy and Politics What Is Public Policy? Defining Basic Concepts Government Politics Policy Analysis Why Study Public Policy? Citizens’ Ability to Participate and Make Choices Citizens’ Ability to Influence Policy Decisions The Contexts of Public Policy Social Context Economic Context Political Context Governing Context Cultural Context The Reasons for Government Involvement Political Reasons Moral or Ethical Reasons Economics and Market Failures The Practice of Policy Analysis The Many Uses of Policy Analysis Citizens’ Use of Policy Analysis How to Decide Which Policy Is Best: Using Multiple Criteria Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes 2 | Government Institutions and Policy Actors Growth of Government Government Institutions and Policy Capacity Federalism The Evolution of Federal-State Relations State Variation in Policy Capacity Separation of Powers Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Informal Policy Actors and Policy Capacity Public Opinion and Policymaking Interest Groups, Nonprofits, and Public Policy Media Policy Subgovernments and Issue Networks Improving Policy Capacity Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes 3 | Understanding Public Policymaking Theories of Politics and Public Policy Elite Theory Group Theory Institutional Theory Rational Choice Theory Political Systems Theory The Policy Process Model Problem Definition and Agenda Setting Policy Formulation Policy Legitimation Policy Implementation Policy Evaluation Policy Change Instruments of Public Policy Regulation Government Management Taxing and Spending Market Mechanisms Education, Information, and Persuasion Policy Typologies Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes Part II: Analyzing Public Policy 4 | Policy Analysis: An Introduction The Nature of Policy Analysis Steps in the Policy Analysis Process Define and Analyze the Problem Construct Policy Alternatives Choose Evaluative Criteria Assess the Alternatives Draw Conclusions Types of Policy Analysis Scientific Approaches Professional Approaches Political Approaches What Kind of Analysis Is Needed? Deal with Root Causes or Make Pragmatic Adjustments? Comprehensive Analysis or Short-Term Policy Relevance? Consensual or Contentious Analysis? Reliance on Rational Analysis or Democratic Politics? Other Aspects of Policy Analysis Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Leading General Journals of Public Policy Major Professional Newsweeklies with Policy Coverage Notes 5 | Public Problems and Policy Alternatives Problem Analysis The Nature of the Problem Thinking about Causes and Solutions How to Find Information Constructing Alternatives What Governments Can Do Policy Typologies as Analytic Tools Thinking Creatively about Policy Action Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes 6 | Assessing Policy Alternatives Evaluative Criteria for Judging Policy Proposals Effectiveness Efficiency Equity Ethics and Political Values Using the Methods of Policy Analysis Economic Approaches Cost-Benefit Analysis Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Risk Assessment Decision Making and Impacts Forecasting Impact Assessment Political and Institutional Approaches Political Feasibility Analysis Implementation Analysis and Program Evaluation Ethical Analysis Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes Part III: Issues and Controversies in Public Policy 7 | Economic and Budgetary Policy Background Goals of Economic Policy Economic Growth Low Levels of Unemployment Low Levels of Inflation Positive Balance of Trade Managing Deficits and Debt Interrelationships of Economic Goals Tools of Economic Policy Fiscal Policy Monetary Policy Regulation Incentives, Subsidies, and Support Tax Policy The Budget Process and Its Effect on Economic Policy Assumptions and Planning Agency Budget Development OMB Budget Review Congressional Review Budget Execution and Control Economic Policy: Successes and Failures Significant Income Tax Cuts Responses to the Deficit American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 Economic Issues and Challenges Maintaining Economic Growth Growth of Entitlements Income Inequality Focused Discussion: Deficits and Debt Economic Issues Political Issues Equity and Other Ethical Issues Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Major Legislation Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes 8 | Health Care Policy Background Evolution of Health Care Policy A Hybrid System of Public and Private Health Care The Perils of Being Uninsured Strengths and Weaknesses of the U.S. Health Care System A Pluralistic Health Care System Major Government Health Care Programs Medicare Medicaid Veterans’ Health Care Other Health Care Policy Issues Portability Patients’ Rights Rising Health Care Costs State Policy Innovations Regulation of Prescription Drugs Managed Care Organizations Reducing Health Care Costs Quality of Care Medical Errors Focused Discussion: Should There Be Greater Emphasis on Preventive Health Care? Effectiveness Economic Efficiency Issues Equity and Other Ethical Issues Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Major Legislation Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes 9 | Welfare and Social Security Policy Background Poverty Social Security Social Security’s Changing Demographics Problems with Social Security Financing Social Security Welfare The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Aid to Families with Dependent Children The Earned Income Tax Credit Welfare Reform Options Welfare Reform Law Analysis of the Welfare Reform Law Focused Discussion: Can We Do Better? Addressing Poverty Economic and Effectiveness Issues Political Issues Ethics and Equity Issues Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Major Legislation Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes 10 | Education Policy Background Problems Facing Education Funding Quality Education Policy Reforms Merit Pay Teacher Standards, Certification, and Salaries School Vouchers, School Choice, and Charter Schools School Testing Higher Education Issues Affirmative Action Costs of Higher Education Focused Discussion: Higher Education Affordability, Cost, and Value Economic Issues Political Issues Equity and Ethical Issues Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Major Legislation Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes 11 | Environmental and Energy Policy Background The Evolution of Environmental and Energy Policy Early Environmental and Energy Policies The Modern Environmental Movement and Policy Developments From Consensus to Conflict in Environmental Policy Major Federal Environmental Policies The National Environmental Policy Act Environmental Protection Statutes and the EPA Natural Resource Policies Energy Policy Focused Discussion: Climate Change and Energy Policy Alternatives Effectiveness Economic Issues Political Feasibility Ethical Issues Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Major Legislation Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes 12 | Foreign Policy and Homeland Security Background and Policy Evolution The Marshall Plan, NATO, and the Cold War The United Nations and Globalization Military Buildup and Nuclear Weapons The Intelligence Agencies and the War in Iraq Economic and Military Assistance: Foreign Aid Selected Issues in Homeland Security Comparing Homeland Security Threats: How Vulnerable Are We? The Case of Transportation Security Focused Discussion: Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism Effectiveness and Efficiency Legal and Ethical Concerns Conclusions Discussion Questions Keywords Major Legislation Suggested Readings Suggested Websites Notes Part IV: Conclusions 13 | Politics, Analysis, and Policy Choice Policy Analysis, Citizen Participation, and Policy Change Public Policies and Their Impacts Policy Conflicts and Incremental Decision Making Policy Strategies with No Crystal Ball Policy Analysis and Policy Choices Evaluating Public Policy Improving Policy Capacity Citizen Participation in Decision Making Citizen Capacity and Policy Engagement New Forms of Citizen Participation Show Less